Hel Essay Research Paper pepsico By deepmer free essay sample

Hel Essay, Research Paper pepsico By: deepmer Electronic mail: deepmer @ hotmail.com 1. Introduction: 1 What is PEPSICO? 1 Brief History of PEPSICO 1 Business Segments 1 Frito-Lay 1 Pepsi-Cola Company 2 Tropicana 3 2. Company Analysis: 4 External Analysis 4 PEST Analysis: 4 Porter? s Diamond: 5 Five Forces 8 Internal Analysis 9 Porter? s Value Chain 9 Boston Consulting Group 12 Financial Analysis 13 SWOT 14 Strength 14 Weakness 14 Opportunities 14 Menaces 15 3. Decisions 15 Marketing 15 General 15 4. Recommendations 16 Bibliography 17 Appendix 17 Appendix I 17 Appendix II 17 Appendix III 17 Appendix IV 17 Appendix V 17 Appendix VI 17 1. Introduction: What is PEPSICO? PepsiCo is one of the most successful drink and bite nutrient concern in the universe. The company consist of: Frito Lay Co. , Pepsi-Cola Co. , and Tropicana Products. Brief History of PEPSICO PepsiCo was funded in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall Pepsi-Cola president, and Herman W. Lay, president of Frito-Lay. Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. druggist, created pepsi-Cola in 1890. Frito-Lay, Inc. was formed by t he 1961 amalgamation of the Frito Company, founded by Elmer Doolin in 1932, and the H. We will write a custom essay sample on Hel Essay Research Paper pepsico By deepmer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page W. Lay Company, founded by Herman W. Lay, besides in 1932. In 1998 PepsiCo acquires Tropicana Products from Seagram Company Ltd. Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. Business Sections Frito-Lay Frito-Lay, Inc was funded in 1961, by unifying of The Frito Company and H.W. Lay Company. Today, Frito-Lay brands history for 40 % of the universe, snack bit industry, and 56 % of the U.S. industry. Often, Frito-Lay Company merchandises are known by local names ( Matutano in Spain, Walkers in the United Kingdom and others. ) Major Frito-Lay Company merchandises: # 8211 ; Lay # 8217 ; s Potato Chips # 8211 ; Baked Lay # 8217 ; s Potato Chips # 8211 ; Ruffles Potato Chips # 8211 ; Doritos Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Tostitos Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Baked Tostitos # 8211 ; Santitas Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Fritos Corn Chips # 8211 ; Cheetos Cheese Flavoured Snacks # 8211 ; Rold Gold Pretzels # 8211 ; Funyons Onion Flavoured Rings # 8211 ; Sun french friess Multigrain Snacks # 8211 ; Cracker Jacks # 8211 ; Chester # 8217 ; s Popcorn # 8211 ; Grandma # 8217 ; s Cookies # 8211 ; Munchos Potato Chips # 8211 ; Smart nutrient Popcorn # 8211 ; Baken-ets Fried Pork Skins # 8211 ; Frito-Lay Dips A ; Salsa # 8211 ; Sabritas Potato Chips # 8211 ; 3D # 8217 ; s # 8211 ; Smiths Potato Crisps # 8211 ; Walkers Potato Crisps Pepsi-Cola Company Caleb Bradham founded pepsi-Cola in 1890. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-Cola merchandises account for about tierce of entire soft drink gross revenues in the United States, a consumer market numbering about $ 58 billion. Outside the United States, Pepsi-Cola drinks are available in approximately 160 states. Today Pepsi-Cola merchandises account for about a one-fourth of all soft drinks sold internationally. The company has besides established operations in the emerging markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Russia, where Pepsi-Cola was the first U.S. consumer merchandise to be marketed. Pepsi-Cola prov ides advertisement, selling, gross revenues and promotional support to Pepsi-Cola bottlers and nutrient service clients. This includes some of the universe # 8217 ; s best and most recognized advertisement. New advertisement and exciting publicities maintain Pepsi-Cola trade names immature. Pepsi-Cola Company merchandises: # 8211 ; Pepsi-Cola # 8211 ; Diet Pepsi # 8211 ; Pepsi One # 8211 ; Mountain Dew # 8211 ; Slice # 8211 ; Mug Root Beer # 8211 ; Mug Cr? me # 8211 ; All Sport # 8211 ; Lipton Teas ( Partnership ) # 8211 ; Aquafina Water # 8211 ; Frappuccino Coffee Drink # 8211 ; Mirinda # 8211 ; 7UP ( outside the U.S. merely ) # 8211 ; Fruit Works # 8211 ; Pepsi Max Tropicana Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. The company entered the dressed ore orange juice concern in 1949, registering Tropicana as a hallmark. In 1954 Rossi pioneered a pasteurization procedure for orange juice. For the first clip, consumers could bask the gustatory sensation of pure not-from- concentrate 100 % Florida orange juice in a ready-to-serve bundle. The company went public in 1957, was purchased by Beatrice Foods Co. in 1978, acquired by Kohlberg Kravis A ; Roberts in 1986 and sold to The Seagram Company Ltd. in 1988. Seagram purchased the Dole planetary juice concern in 1995. PepsiCo acquired Tropicana, including the Dole juice concern, in August 1998. Today, Tropicana is the universe # 8217 ; s largest seller and manufacturer of branded juices with merchandises available in 50 states worldwide. Tropicana merchandises: # 8211 ; Tropicana Pure Premium # 8211 ; Tropicana Season # 8217 ; s Best # 8211 ; Dole Juices # 8211 ; Tropicana Twister. # 8211 ; Hitchcock # 8211 ; Looza # 8211 ; Copella. 2. Company Analysis: External Analysis PEST Analysis: The Pest Analysis identifies the political, economical, societal a technological influences on an organisation. Political influences: # 8211 ; The production distribution and usage of many of PepsiCo merchandis e are capable to assorted federal Torahs, such as the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act ad the Americans with Disabilities. # 8211 ; The concerns are besides capable to province, local and foreign Torahs. # 8211 ; The international concerns are capable to the Government stableness in the states where PepsiCo is seeking acquire into ( developing markets ) . # 8211 ; The federal, province, local and foreign environmental Torahs and ordinances. # 8211 ; The concerns are besides capable to de revenue enhancement policy in each state they are runing. # 8211 ; They besides have to follow with federal, province, local and foreign environmental Torahs and ordinances. Economic influences: # 8211 ; The companies are capable to the crop of the natural stuff that they use in their bite nutrients, soft drink and juice, like maize, oranges, Citrus paradisi, veggies, murphies, etc. # 8211 ; Because of they rely on trucks to travel and administer many of the ir merchandises, fuel is besides an of import topic, so they are capable to the fuel award fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. # 8211 ; Operating in International Markets involves exposure to volatile motions in foreign exchange rates. The economic impact of foreign exchange rates motions on them is complex because such alterations are frequently linked to variableness in existent growing, rising prices, involvement rates, governmental actions and other factors. # 8211 ; PepsiCo is besides capable to other economical factors like money supply, energy handiness and cost, concern rhythms, etc. Sociocultural influences: # 8211 ; PepsiCo and furthermore Pepsi is capable to the lifestyle alterations, because of it bases her advertisement runs in a concrete sort of people with an particular life style, it is for that PepsiCo has to pay a particular attending on the lifestyle alterations. # 8211 ; Particularly in the United States Pepsi drinkers are really defined, there is a sor t of people who drinks Pepsi another sort who drinks Coca-Cola, it is for that they have to pay attending to the societal mobility for non losing a possible market. # 8211 ; Taking into history that PepsiCo is seeking to present itself in developing markets, they have to be careful with the possible jobs with the authoritiess of this states, and with the jobs could lift from PepsiCo act with the people of this states. Technological influences: # 8211 ; PepsiCo is capable to new techniques of fabrication, for their three concern sectors, bite nutrient, juices and soft drinks. # 8211 ; It has to pay attending to the new distribution techniques. # 8211 ; And they have to repair their attending in the competency developed, to cognize about the new merchandises. Porter? s Diamond: The Porter? s Diamond Analysis tries to explicate the Competitive Advantage of Nations. There are four properties of a state comprise Porter? s Diamond of national advantage, they are: Factor Conditionss: T he basic factor conditions are natural resources, clime, location, the more advanced factor conditions are skilled labour, substructure and engineering. There are some of these factors that can be obtained by any company ( like unskilled labor and natural stuffs ) and, therefore, do non bring forth sustained competitory advantage. Even though, we have to take into history that specialized factors involve a heavy and sustained investing, we have to cognize that if we are able to accomplish them, we could bring forth a competitory advantage. Some of the factor conditions PepsiCo has to take into history, in each state where they want to present are # 8211 ; Unemployment. # 8211 ; Interest rate. ( Short term, long term ) . # 8211 ; Labour statute law. Demand Conditionss: We have to cognize that the nature of a state demand makes PepsiCo dependant on them. For illustration if in one state exists a sophisticated demand, these clients pressure houses to be competitory. Is for that, hou ses that face a sophisticate domestic market are likely to sell superior merchandises because the market demands high quality and a close propinquity to such clients enable the house to better understand the demands of the clients, in the same manner it is easier distribute their houses in the planetary market. Some of the demand conditions PepsiCo has to take into history en the states where they want to present are: # 8211 ; Expectation of clients. # 8211 ; GNP A ; RPI. # 8211 ; Competitive research ( tendencies ) # 8211 ; And with rivals are established in the state. Related and Supporting Industries: For any company it is truly of import the Related and Supporting Industry. Knowing who are the scope of providers, and the related industries, is necessary for make up ones minding where we have to put our company. In some instances the concentration of related and back uping industries provoke the concentration of the similar industries in the same countries. Some advantages a nd disadvantages of turn uping close to your challenger may be: Some advantages to turn uping close to your challengers may be: o Potential engineering cognition spillovers, o An association of a part on the portion of consumers with a merchandise and high quality and hence some market power, or o An association of a part on the portion of applicable labour force. Some disadvantages to turn uping close to your challengers are: o Potential poaching of your employees by rival companies and o Obvious addition in competition perchance diminishing mark-ups. Firm Strategy, Structure A ; Rivalry: Refering to the scheme and the construction of the house, they would be conditioned by the tradition of the state. There are different direction manners in each state, and besides they vary depending on the industry. PepsiCo has to analyze the different manners of direction, for moving in the best manner in each state, accommodating its scheme and its construction every bit far as possible. Equal ly far as possible the competition, in general is better the national than the international. In the instance of PepsiCo ( Pepsi ) ; for them it is more advisable that when they are presenting in a new market, its chief challenger ( Coca-Cola ) non be positioned or at least it is non to absolute leader of the market. Five Forces We do the same analysis for the three different markets of PepsiCo: the soft drink market, the bites market and the chilled orange juice market. We treated the three markets as a the same industry, with some exclusions as the competency The menace of entry Established brands with a batch of experience in the market that a have a good channel of distribution. The trade names deliver the merchandises straight to the supermarket, this means that is necessary a large company construction ( lorries, warehouses, bring forthing workss, etc. ) to get at retail merchants and supermarkets, all of this requires a large investing of money. Suppliers Well looks that at f irst sight, providers are non a job because it? s easy to happen murphies, maize and oil providers. The job that we find here is the possibility of variableness of monetary values in the natural stuffs caused for illustration by a bad twelvemonth of harvest home, or there is another gasoline crisis. Besides in some states that have non petrol usually fuel gasoline is more expensive and the fuel providers have an oligopoly of the market. Buyers Sing that purchasers are the concluding consumers, we can state that in this markets the consumers get used at one sort of gustatory sensation, and they have this merchandises for the importance of the trade name, it? s a selling issue as good. Substitutes In these three markets is rather hard to happen replacements. More than substitutes we can speak more of manner, tendencies, or costumier? s gustatory sensations. Suddenly people stop has orange juice for breakfast and take more milk or java in forenoons. It? s rather hard to happen a replac ement for these merchandises because usually the people get used at one sort of gustatory sensation of Cola for illustration, so is really hard to seek to accommodate the populace to a new Cola. Competitive Rivalry Well these three markets are truly full of competition. First there is the Cola market where Coca-Cola owns an unbelievable 51 % market portion, followed far off Pepsi with a 21 % of market portion, is really hard to perforate in this market. Then there is the Bite market where Lays have the 40% of market share, the second most important brand is Procter (P), in this market the shares are more distributed, but still being two majors competitors that have most of the market. An at the last we have the orange Juice market, this maybe is the most open market, there is a lot of competence and there is not a major brand that controls all the market. There are three important brands that have more market share, like Tropicana Coca-Cola Company and Chiquita. Internal Analysis Porter?s Value Chain Primary activities Inbound logistics Because the company is in a competitive environment is not possible to recover the increasing costs with a higher pricing of the final products. For this reason PepsiCo have special way to purchase the raw materials. They use ?futures contracts? for cover different fluctuation in the raw material market (Primarily oil, corn, fuel, etc.) is like speculate with the market. Operations In Orange juice products, they only use non-concentrate orange juice for creates a very tasty and healthy product completely natural. Pepsi they just create the liquid that is sold to the bottlers, these bottlers then they can the liquid and then is sold to the costumers. PepsiCo owns at same time shares from the four bottlers companies. In fact in the past PepsiCo owned Pepsi Bottling Group, and had as a franchise Pepcom industries INC companies. Outbound logistics PepsiCo use the system ?direct store distribution?. This implies that PepsiCo products are delivered to the retailer and put it directly to the shelves, this provide a great business control to PepsiCo, and reduce work to the retailers and that fact give more advantage over most competitors. Marketing and sales This is a very powerful tool that PepsiCo use. It would be developed in another chapter. Service We can consider that the service that makes PepsiCo value is the ?direct store distribution? explained before. Support activities Procurement Here PepsiCo uses economies of scale. Also the raw materials are bought in future contract to prevent higher costs in the future because the high prices of the raw materials. Technology development More than Technology development we can talk of costumer preferences. Is very important to know what the costumers prefers and wants, then is necessary to study the costumers? behaviour. For example Tropicana Twister shelf-stable juice products had a very important volume growth because the PepsiCo relaunched the brand in 1.75 plastic bottles instead of smaller glass bottles. This provides to the costumers more value and convenience. Human resources management Benefits At PepsiCo’s Worldwide Headquarters Compensation Highly competitive salaries ? Bonus opportunities at many levels ? Eligibility for stock options for almost all positions Benefits Flexible benefit options include: ? Medical ? Dental ? Vision/Hearing ? Life Insurance ? Accident Insurance ? Long-Term Disability Insurance ? Group Le gal Services ? Health Care Reserve Account ? Dependent Care Reserve Account Stock Options. The PepsiCo stock option plan is called SharePower. Here are some of the details: ? Once eligible, you receive PepsiCo stock options normally each year based on at least 10% of your prior year’s earnings. ? Share Power stock options let you purchase shares of PepsiCo stock in the future at a set price. ? You make money if the stock price goes up and you stay with the Company. ? The longer you work for the Company, the more stock options you get. Share Power is one way for PepsiCo employees to share in the success that they create. Future Financial Security A Pension Plan fully paid for by the Company. ? A 401(k) Plan which allows you to save up to 15% of your pay on a pre-tax basis and invest in any publicly traded stock or bond or in any of over 200 mutual funds. ? A stock purchase program, allowing you to purchase PepsiCo stock through payroll deductions, with no fees or commissions. Additional Benefits In addition, PepsiCo’s portfolio of benefits includes such valuable programs as: ? Tuition Reimbursement ? Educational Loans ? Discount Car Purchase Program ? Matching Charitable Contributions ? Adoption Assistance ? Vacation Time ? And More Firm infrastructure Executive officers Co-Founder PepsiCo Corporate Officers (Roger A. Enrico) Principal Divisions and Officers Pepsi-Cola Company Frito-Lay Company Tropicana Products, Inc. Boston Consulting Group a) Frito-Lays; this product is a Cash Cow for PepsiCo; it generates more cash than it needs to maintain its share market. Frito-Lays is the leader of its market, and it has its principal competitor very far in the market share. PepsiCo should maintain this product, in the same way, and invest its profits in other company products. b) Tropicana; it is a question mark for PepsiCo, it is, due to, it is a new acquisition, and although it is a product leader in its market, PepsiCo has to invest in Tropicana for ac hieving a bigger market share, and for trying to increase the international market share. c) Pepsi; it is very difficult place to Pepsi, in one of the squares, because in spite of it generates more cash than it needs to maintain its share market, it is not the leader of its market, and we can neither considerate it as a star product, because of the same reason, them it probably could be place, in the middle of the matrix. Financial Analysis PepsiCo had reduce the total net sales in 2,000 millions $ during the 1999, this was due to PepsiCo sold the bottling company. But at same time the total sales from the three Business (Snacks, Soft Drinks, Orange Juice) had increase in 4,000 millions $. This means that the company his growing in the markets. Because the selling of the bottling Company the total cost and expenses reduced in 2,000 millions of $. Because the reduced costs and the growth of the net sales in the Snacks, soft drinks, and Orange juice, the company had at the end of the 1999 more profit. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) Resuming PepsiCo had in 1999 a total net income of 2,050 millions $ more or less the same as at 1997 (2,142 millions of $), but with the difference that in 1999 they stop earning money with the bottling company. This means now the company generates more profit. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) Is necessary to emphasise as well that PepsiCo reduced a lot one of the big loans that he had due to PepsiCo didn?t has the necessity of borrowing money. The loan had an amount of 4,53 millions $ and was reduced to 1,55 millions $ in 1999. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) As the PepsiCo?s Web page said: PepsiCo’s earnings per share jumped 17% in the third quarter ended September 2; to $.40 from a pro forma $.34 in the prior year, the fourth consecutive double-digit gain. Revenues grew 7% to $4.9 billion, reflecting strong volume growth in worldwide snacks and juices. Operating profit grew 12% to $826 million as ever y division generated double-digit growth. Roger Enrico, chairman, said: â€Å"Four consecutive quarters of double-digit EPS growth confirm that PepsiCo today is strong and getting stronger. We are fulfilling our goal of delivering healthy earnings gains generated by volume growth across our portfolio?. This means the company is going well but is not offering more dividends to the shareholders, after some bad years now the company is having n important growing. And this will be reflected in the dividends during the next years. SWOT Strength PepsiCo nowadays it is a very strong Company with no financial problems, and with three important brands. Where Frito-Lays is a very Strong brand, World leader in sells in the world snack chip industry, with a 40% of the market share. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report) In the last 3 years the company had increase his sales (without bottling operations) in a 33% since 1997. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report) Weakness Pepsi maybe is one of the we akness of PepsiCo, due that is really far away from the leader Coca-Cola in the international market. Pepsi-Cola is the second largest soft drink Company with a 21% of volume, far from the terrific 51% of volume of Coca-Cola. The net sales of PepsiCo had increase in the last 3 years, this is important but is necessary to say that is due the increase in sales only in USA, PepsiCo didn?t growth so much in the international market, what is happening then that only growing in USA. Opportunities New markets are beginning to open in the world (China, mainly in Asia). The opportunity to enter in the markets where the competence is not established yet. For example in China, China is the country with more population in the world, enter in the Chinese market and establish there before the competence arrive can give to PepsiCo a great opportunity to success in the future. Threats The problem that in these new markets the products of PepsiCo will not have a good welcome by the Asian consumers. The flavours of the products are not really adequate for these countries. Roger Enrico will leave the direction of PepsiCo in 2 years, this can create a little situation of panic inside the Company. The increase the prices of the raw materials or the fuel can cause an increase of the costs, and in the business environment that PepsiCo live is not possible to increase the product price because is a very competitive environment. 3. Conclusions Marketing Until now PepsiCo brand image was very linked to Pepsi image, which has label of second best brand. But in the last four years, that has changed, they have tried to lost the label of ?loser?, linking its image to the rest of firms company, that have a strong brand image in their markets. They have achieve that through advertising campaigns where appeared together with other PepsiCo Brands. During the last decade Pepsi had a war with Coca-Cola, in which Pepsi always lost. In the last stage (since the arrival of Enrico) PepsiCo decides m ove away from that war, for focusing in its own problems. Another step in the new strategy was the acquisition of the leader companies in related markets, for achieving a new image of powerful and consolidated corporation. In other way PepsiCo is giving a corporation image, which is committed with subjects like racial and sex discrimination, and environmental problems. All that through the special programs focused on each area. General In the last four year PepsiCo has suffered radical changes in its internal structure and in its market strategies. All these changes were propitiated by the arrival in the direction of R. Enrico, who implemented a radical change in PepsiCo?s mentality. He made very important decisions like to come off the restaurants (Pizza Hut KFC) and the bottlers, due to they were a heavy weight for the company. Although they were come off them, they follow linked to PepsiCo through strategic alliances, it is to say, that the restaurants still sell PepsiCo product s and the bottlers follow bottling Pepsi. Moreover PepsiCo has a minority percent of share of these companies. Other important decisions that Enrico made were the strategic acquisitions of leader companies in related markets, like Tropicana and Mountain Drew. These acquired companies have given to PepsiCo as much profits as stronger company brand image of New PepsiCo. 4. Recommendations After analysing PepsiCo we have noticed that in spite of the company has increased its net product sales, that is not a real increase because the sales have increased due to the new acquisitions, and not because of the increase of the products, which already existed in the company. For this reason we recommended that, they should consolidate its old product and try to increase they sales. Another section, where we would like to make a recommendation, it is into the international section of PepsiCo, we think that they are too focused in the U.S. (although it is true that it is the market where they ha ve biggest volume of sales), but they should try to consolidate in the international markets, and as well to try to penetrate in undeveloped markets, where its competitors are not established yet (i.e. Chinese market). Bibliography Lamb Hair McDaniel (1998) Marketing. Ed. South Western. Richard Koch (1995) Guide to strategy. Ed Financial Times Pitman Publishing G. Johnson K. Scholes (1999) Exploring Corporate Strategy. Ed. Financial Times Prentice Hall J.L. Thompson (1997) Exploring Corporate Strategy. PepsiCo Annual Report (1999) http://www.pepsico.com Appendix Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI

Alexander Bain and the First Fax

Alexander Bain and the First Fax Faxing is by definition a method of encoding data, transmitting it over a ​telephone line or radio broadcast, and receiving a hard copy of the text, line drawings, or photographs at a remote location. The technology for fax machines was invented a long time. However, fax machines did not become popular with consumers until the 1980s. Alexander Bain The first fax machine was invented by Scottish mechanic and inventor Alexander Bain. In 1843, Alexander Bain received a British patent for â€Å"improvements in producing and regulating electric currents and improvements in timepieces and in electric printing and signal telegraphs†, in laymens terms a fax machine. Several years earlier, Samuel Morse had invented the first successful telegraph machine and the fax machine closely evolved from the technology of the telegraph. The earlier telegraph machine sent Morse code (dots and dashes) over telegraph wires that was decoded into a text message at a remote location. More About Alexander Bain Bain was a  Scottish  philosopher and  educationalist  in the  British school of empiricism  and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of  psychology,  linguistics,  logic,  moral philosophy  and  education reform. He founded  Mind, the first ever journal of psychology and analytical philosophy, and was the leading figure in  establishing  and applying the  scientific method  to  psychology. Bain was the inaugural  Regius Chair  in Logic and  Professor of Logic  at the  University of Aberdeen, where he also held Professorships in  Moral Philosophy  and  English Literature  and was twice elected  Lord Rector. How Did Alexander Bains Machine Work? Alexander Bains fax machine transmitter scanned a flat metal surface using a stylus mounted on a pendulum. The stylus picked up images from the metal surface. An amateur clockmaker, Alexander Bain combined parts from clock mechanisms together with telegraph machines to invent his fax machine. Fax Machine History Many inventors after Alexander Bain, worked hard on inventing and improving fax machine type devices. Here is a brief timeline: In 1850, a London inventor named F. C. Blakewell received a patent what he called a copying telegraph.In 1860, a fax machine called the Pantelegraph sent the first fax between Paris and Lyon. The Pantelegraph was invented ​by Giovanni Caselli.In 1895, Ernest Hummel a watchmaker from St. Paul, Minnesota invented his competing device called the Telediagraph.In 1902, Dr. Arthur Korn invented an improved and practical fax, the photoelectric system.In 1914, Edouard Belin established the concept of the remote fax for photo and news reporting.In 1924, the telephotography machine (a type of fax machine) was used to send political convention photos long distance for newspaper publication. It was developed by the American Telephone Telegraph Company (ATT) worked to improve telephone fax technology.By 1926, RCA invented the Radiophoto that faxed by using radio broadcasting technology.In 1947, Alexander Muirhead invented a successful fax machine.On March 4, 1955, the first radio fax tran smission was sent across the continent.