Biography of Bill Gates

History of Bill Gates Free Online Research Papers William (Bill) H. Doors III is fellow benefactor, administrator and CEO of Microsoft Organization, the universes driving supplier of programming for PCs. Bill Gates was conceived on October 28, 1955. He and his two sisters experienced childhood in Seattle. Their dad, William H. Entryways II, is a Seattle lawyer. Mary Gates, their late mother, was a teacher, University of Washington official and administrator of United Way International. Doors went to open primary school before proceeding onward to the private Lakeside School in North Seattle. It was at Lakeside that Gates started his profession in PC programming, programming PCs at age 13. In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a green bean, where he lived a few doors down from Steve Ballmer, who is currently Microsofts president. While at Harvard, Gates built up an adaptation of the programming language BASIC for the primary microcomputer the MITS Altair. Fundamental was first evolved by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College in the mid-1960s. In his lesser year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to commit his energies full-an ideal opportunity to Microsoft, an organization he had begun in 1975 with his childhood companion Paul Allen. Guided by a conviction that the PC would be a significant device on each office work area and in each home, they started creating programming for PCs. Entryways foreknowledge and vision with respect to individualized computing have been fundamental to the accomplishment of Microsoft and the product business. Entryways is effectively associated with key administration and vital choices at Microsoft, and assumes a significant job in the specialized advancement of new items. A lot of his time is given to meeting with clients and remaining in contact with Microsoft representatives around the globe through email. Under Gates initiative, Microsofts mission is ceaselessly to progress and improve programming innovation, and to make it simpler, more financially savvy and progressively charming for individuals to utilize PCs. The organization is focused on a drawn out view, which is reflected in its venture of some $2.6 billion for innovative work during the current monetary year. In 1995 Gates composed The Road Ahead, his vision of where data innovation will take society. Co-composed by Nathan Myhrvold, Microsofts boss innovation official, and Peter Rinearson, The Road Ahead held the No. 1 spot on the New York Times smash hit list for seven weeks, and stayed on the rundown for an aggregate of 18 weeks. Distributed in excess of 20 nations, the book sold in excess of 400,000 duplicates in China alone. In 1996, while deliberately redeploying Microsoft to make the most of the developing open doors made by the Internet, Gates completely updated The Road Ahead to mirror his view that intuitive systems are a significant achievement in human correspondence. The soft cover second release likewise has become a success. Entryways is giving his returns from the book to a non-benefit finance that underpins instructors overall who are joining PCs into their study halls. Notwithstanding his energy for PCs, Gates is keen on biotechnology. He sits on the leading body of the ICOS Corporation and is an investor in Chiroscience Group of the United Kingdom and its entirely claimed auxiliary, Chiroscience RD Inc. (once in the past Darwin Molecular) of Bothell, Wash. He additionally established Corbis Corporation, which is creating probably the biggest asset of visual data on the planet an extensive computerized chronicle of craftsmanship and photography from open and private assortments around the world. Entryways additionally has contributed with cell phone pioneer Craig McCaw in Teledesic, an organization that is taking a shot at a yearning intend to dispatch many low-circle satellites around the Earth to give an overall two-way broadband media communications administration. In the a long time since Microsoft opened up to the world, Gates has given more than $800 million to good cause, including $200 million to the Gates Library Foundation to help libraries in North America exploit new advances and the Information Age. In 1994 Gates set up the William H. Doors Foundation, which underpins an assortment of activities quite compelling to Gates and his family. The focal point of Gates generosity is in four zones: training; world general wellbeing and populace; non-benefit, urban and expressions associations; and Puget Sound-zone capital battles. Bill and Melinda French Gates were hitched on January 1, 1994. They have one youngster, Jennifer Katharine Gates, who was conceived in 1996. Examination Papers on Biography of Bill GatesThe Project Managment Office SystemRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAW

"Critique on Rupert Murdoch's tweet and being a muslim in Article

Investigate on Rupert Murdoch's tweet and being a muslim in the european culture - Article Example Fear assaults have customarily been connected to Islamic fanaticism than some other religion on the planet. Since the dread assault on 9/11 in U.S, a great many people over the world have created islamaphobia with each ensuing fear assault, for example, the one coordinated to French Newspaper (Erlanger, and Bennhold, 2015). Be that as it may, Islam has been forced to bear baseless analysis since fear assaults have consistently been organized by a couple of fanatic gatherings and not the whole Islam people group. As indicated by U.S Congress connecting psychological oppression to Islam just energizes scorn and dread, which is an or more for the fear mongers (2007). Subsequently, Murdoch’s assumptions ought to be inspected in this light. To be sure, Islamic pioneers over the world have consistently censured several dread assaults. Moreover, there are various dread assaults previously sorted out and executed by non-Muslims. It tends to be contended that Murdoch’s tweet speaks to an outlook of numerous individuals across social settings. As indicated by him, Islam needs to convey the cross at whatever point any fear coordinated by Islamic radicalism occurs. While Islamic pioneers, for example, Olivier Roy have denounced dread assaults each time assaults occur (Erlanger, and Bennhold, 2015) , the whole Islamic people group has not taken a solid and dependable remain against fear based oppression. For example, Islamic pioneers have not been on the worldwide front line in financing against dread related associations and battles. The vast majority of the help Islam has given to against psychological oppression exercises has for the most part stayed verbal (Frost, 2008). From Murdoch’s point of view, Islam has an increasingly thorough activity to do with regards to battling fear based oppression. In any case, Murdoch has been profoundly scrutinized along with others who share his philosophy in regards to Islam and psychological warfare. It is apparently unimaginable for the whole Islam people group to battle

Karen A Short History

Karen A Short History Hi, Im Karen and like most other freshmen, Im still working on my time-management skills, which is why it took so long for me to finally get started on here. Unlike almost everyone else here, I dont have an anecdote about my first encounter with technology or science. Most of my childhood was spent reading books and books and more books, and I think thats what led me to see life the way I do: The world isnt just something you should get around to seeing once or twice when you get a vacation. Its a place you live in everyday, and even if you think you live in the smallest, most boring town in the world, there are adventures around every corner (or cornfield, in some cases. Like mine. Im from Illinois, remember? Well, actually I didnt live far from Chicago, so it wasnt as bad as Im making it out to be, but it had a nice ring to it.) Youll have to get used to my parenthetical digressions if youre going to be reading this. Im warning you now. With this in mind (the world, not parenthetical digressions), I spent a year abroad as an exchange student in Taiwan the year after high school. I applied to MIT my senior year, deferred admission (gasp!) and spent the better part of a year not always understanding what people said to me, but having fun anyway. Ill talk about this more in-depth in another entry, but the point is that it was a critical year, because A) when I came back, I felt that I had had enough time to really think about what I wanted to do, and B) I forgot all the math I ever learned. As a side note, I thought that when I came back to the US, itd be a relief to finally understand everything people said, but here I am, at MIT, not always understanding what people say, but having fun anyway Anyway, I had a lot of time to think about ways to spend my life that wouldnt turn my hair gray before I was forty, wouldnt trap me in an office or a lab, would help me do my part to help the world, and allow me to have fun at the same time. Surprisingly enough, I actually came up with something. How about that. Ill probably major in Urban Planning and Design and minor in International Relations. I also plan to spend a lot of time here learning as many languages as possible (possibly even a programming one, so I can communicate with Course 6-ers as well as with the rest of the world). Reading Anthonys blog, you might guess that I want to spend my life designing public transportation systems because we have the same major and minor and were both studying French. But actually, were on completely different tracks (Hah! Get it? Tracks? Like trains). My dream is to spend my life improving conditions in under-developed countries. And not just because its, like, a good thing to do, but because Ill get tons of opportunities to travel and see other cultures and maybe even some wild animals. It all sounds really fantastic to me. But for now, Im still just a freshman without any official major declaration. I still have GIRs to get through. I still have people to meet, and I still need to learn how to cook, and I still have new music to discover, and I still have a room (a single) in Senior House to paint, and I still have a lot of things to learn about the world. I hope you enjoy reading about them. [Also, for those of you at MIT, the Muslim Student Association is hosting a Fast-a-thon on the 27th. The event is not religiously affiliated, its just for charity businesses will donate to certain organization per person that pledges not to eat on Thursday. Go here to sign up or to read more about it. Its only a day. No, seriously. Do it. Whats stopping you? Go!]

Argumentative Essay On Forbidden Love - 776 Words

Forbidden Love â€Å"The Iranian government sees trans and homosexual individuals as people with psychosexual problems, and so provide them with a medical solution†(Neha Thirani Bagri, An Uncomfortable Truth, qz). People around the world do not get the rights they deserve because the government influences and limits peoples actions. Nobody should be living in fear, feel held back, or discriminated against because of their sex, race, religion or sexual orientation. Everyone should be given the right of protection, be treated with respect, and not have to live in fear because of who they are. Sahar is a young impressionable girl living in the country of Iran. Sahar is put in tough situations because of prejudice people and their beliefs. Iran†¦show more content†¦Constantly living in fear is not the right way to live. Sahar explains how they  ¨Were always so careful, we hear a knock at the door and the two of us jump away from each other. ¨(Farizan 14) Under the circumstances Saha r and Nasrin have to make sure they do not accidentally share their secret. Even their own families can turn them into the police. The laws of Iran make Shahar go through unnecessary challenges and she is forced to make life changing decisions. While Sahar is changing from a girl to a women she begins to notice what limitations there are on herself. Beginning to notice she needs to stand up for herself, Sahar wants to retaliate against her country. Sahar begins to rant about how â€Å"The country is flourishing under control of Shah. I’m not sure how much I believe that† (Farizan 13). Sahar believes the country is deteriorating under the control of their new leader. Sahar wants to be a free woman and be able to have basic human rights. Having the sex changing surgery will prove that she can defy the government’s rules. Conflicted with wanting to be with her love and loving herself, Sahar exclaims â€Å"Its my body my life, and my love and will do with all of it what I can† (Farizan 105). She wants to defy the government with the loop whole of the surgery but in reality she does not want to become a man. She yells this to her cousin because she wants to tell him that it is her decision and only he r decision.Show MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?977 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Essay: Euthanasia Euthanasia is acknowledged as the practice of intentionally ending a life which liberates an individual from an incurable illness or unbearable misery. Euthanasia is known as mercy killing, perceived as an easy and painless death. Euthanasia is done from the request of a dying patient or that person’s legal representative. This is known as Voluntary Euthanasia. Not undertaking something to prevent or avoid someone’s death is recognised as passive or negative EuthanasiaRead MoreVera Drake1367 Words   |  6 Pagespreaching the audiences. It actually dramatically portrays the importance of family and faith within people. The film successfully reveals all themes with directors improvisation technique and the role of leading female character in the film. In this essay, there are discussions about the conflictions and themes as well as the filming of director and the main characters since by combining these together the film become one of the best British film. According to Mike Leigh, the movie is about theRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Rhetorical Analysis1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Declaration of Independence† Rhetorical Analysis Essay Composed by Thomas Jefferson and the representatives in the general congress on the historic date of July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was an expeditious response to the many acts legalized by the British Parliament prohibiting the colonists’ freedom, and a dismissal of a partition to the King by the First Continental Congress. Not only did it oppose British acts of tyranny, but it was also an incentive for many other universalRead MoreEssay Writing7014 Words   |  29 Pagesfor in narrative essay writing I am assuming that the student is able to construct basic sentence and grammar structure (past amp; present tense etc.). If the student is unable to do so, he/she is in no condition to attempt essay writing. Please sign the student for basic language/ grammar classes instead. There is a limit to how much advice I can offer via text. So I will just offer two key points. 1. ESSAY FLOW 2. CHARACTERS’ EMOTIONS / FEELINGS * 1. Essay Flow Essay flow means no breakRead MoreFlowers for Algernon6322 Words   |  26 Pagesrelevant notes they compiled while reading and answering the text-dependent questions. Once students have completed the graphic organizer, have them rank evidence in significance to evaluate which points are the most significant to include in the essay. Rank Proof | EvidenceQuote or paraphrase | Page number | Elaboration / explanation of how this evidence supports ideas or argument | 7 | â€Å"I feel sick inside. Not sick like for a doctor, but my chest it feels empty like getting punched and a heartburnRead MoreFounding Brothers9626 Words   |  39 Pagesmost respected patriot in the US. Franklins signature forced Congress to take the letter very seriously and they devoted the entire day to its debate. Never before was there a public debate on slavery. The South claimed that Congress was forbidden to talk about slavery in public, not to mention legislate about it. They didnt even want the petition read aloud. Thomas Scott of Pennsylvania started the debate by conceding that the Constitution did not allow Congress to stop slave tradeRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesBy the same author SIXTY STEPS TO PRECIS POETRY AND PROSE APPRECIATION ESSAY AND LEITER ·WRITING A FIRST BOOK IN COMPREHENSION PRECIS AND COMPOSITION ras CARTERS OF GREENWOOD (Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMINDRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he hadRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBookMasters for her expert assistance with this edition. Finally, and most importantly, we express appreciation to our families for their ongoing patience and support, which is reflected in their willingness to share their time with this competing â€Å"labor of love† and to forgive our own gaps between common sense and common practice. David A. Whetten Kim S. Cameron PREFACE xxi This page intentionally left blank MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   The Critical Role of Management SkillsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesproportionate to levels of demand and use, and to provide access to resources outside the library system,† and in the current statement it is to â€Å" provide innovative, quality services responding to the needs of our diverse community as we: Promote the love of reading; Excel at providing resources to customers of all ages; and Create welcoming spaces for our community.†7 To ensure that a library or information center continues to respond appropriately to the changing environment, it should be obvious

Heracles - The Man of the Hour - 979 Words

Heroes are found in fiction from every place on earth, they differ in many aspects, but key elements transcend through stories. These elements are instrumental in differentiating between a hero and a legend. The Greeks had many legends, but few were truly considered heroes. The most famous heroes were Achilles, Odysseus, Jason, and Theseus. However, the greatest legacy has been left by Heracles, the son of Zeus, but Heracles is indeed more than a legend, he is a hero. Heracles willingly risks his life to preform heroic acts, has a destiny which is set in stone from birth, and crosses several thresholds through his heroic journeys. Heracles’s life is at risk in his numerous acts as a hero, but no matter the strife, Heracles is willing. This willingness to do heroic acts, causes Heracles to fall in Carl Jung’s definition of a willing hero, which ultimately reinforces that is a hero. Heracles is willing to do twelve potentially fatal labours ( he is told to do by the Oracle Delphi), in order to repent for killing his children and wife. When Heracles arrives at the Kingdom of Mycenae, he willfully tells Lord Eurystheus â€Å" twelve labours, you are to set to me.† (Lottridge Dickiie, 89). This means that Heracles compliantly takes it upon himself to do these twelve labours, illustrating he is a willing hero. Another instance, where Heracles was willing to preform a heroic deed, was when â€Å"[he] bravely killed the sea monster terrorizing Troy, by allowing himself to be swallowedShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle between Hercules and Hera Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesMycenae. Hera, because she was jealous, persuaded the goddess of childbirth, to hold back Alcmenas delivery, and made it that Eurystheus, also a descendant of Perseus, is going to be arrived already seven months old. Heracles lost the throne of Mycenae because of this. Heracles was eight months old when, Hera, wanting him to die, sent two serpents to him. But with his strength he killed them with his bare hands (Hercules 1) Herculess family is from Argos, since his mother was Alcmene, daughterRead MoreImmortals of Greek mythology6763 Words   |  28 Pagesbrother of Artemis. As brother and sister, they were identified with the sun and moon; both use a bow and arrow. In the earliest myths, Apollo contends with his half-brother Hermes. In sculpture, Apollo was depicted as a very handsome, beardless young man with long hair and an ideal physique. As the embodiment of perfectionism, he could be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs were rarely happy. His attributes include the laurel wreath and lyre. He often appears in the company of the Muses. AnimalsRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Mythology1630 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant as the god Zeus. He frequently was escorted by a host of whimsical gods, including satyrs, centaurs, and nymphs. Satyrs existed as creatures with legs of a goat and an upper body of a monkey or human. Centaurs had both a head and torso of a man, and the body to a horse. Wh ile Delphi is holy site devoted solemnly to the god to Apollo. A temple built at Delphi held an oracle, prophet, whom courageous voyagers questioned about their futures. A collection of priests signified the holy sites. TheseRead More Penelope and Alcestis as Ideal Greek Females Essay examples1837 Words   |  8 Pagesthis while maintaining the surface appearance of feminine obedience. Penelope is not directly subversive; however, she manages to incorporate the characteristics of the sophronein (good wife)5 into a role more nearly resembling that of the saophron man. Penelopes faithfulness (undermined by the suggestion of eroticism in her dream of the geese) is above all strategic. If taken at face value, it is easy to see how her behavior could be construed as conforming to the Greeks notion of the sophronRead More Use of Symbols in Yeatss Work, A Vision Essay3300 Words   |  14 Pagesfounded upon the belief that the ultimate reality, symbolized by the sphere, falls in human con sciousness... into a series of antinomies (Vision p. 187). The Byzantium poems are a prime example of the antinomies at work in the individual mind of man. In many of his poems, Yeats idealizes Byzantium, as a symbol of unity in spiritual and everyday life. He writes I think that in early Byzantium, maybe never before or since in recorded history, religious, aesthetic and practical life were one,Read MoreThe City Of New York2083 Words   |  9 Pagessecretaries and Mondays, when his intercom buzzed, â€Å"Mr.Hermes, a man is here to see you. He claims to be a relative.† Hermes frowned and hit his button, â€Å"What’s his name; Zeus? Poseidon?† Again, the speaker beeped, â€Å"No, it’s a Mr. Kronos, Titan L. Kronos.† Fear flared in Hermes’ eyes. He turned and jumped out his window. He fell 10 floors and rolled on the pavement.This shocked several bystanders, but this didn’t matter, because the man Hermes had feared all his life stepped out of the Fedex buildingRead MoreThe Mythology Of The Ancient Greeks2537 Words   |  11 Pageslyre within seconds after he was born. His mother, Maia gave birth to him in a cave on the Mount Cyllene in Arcadia and he was nursed by the nymph Cyllene. The precious baby, became very loved and respected by all the gods in the Mount Olympus. Like Heracles, Hermes showed his abilities as a god really fast, when he escaped from the cave he was born and invented the lyre. He develop a plan as soon as he saw a turtle when he was wandering from the cave. His imagination got expanded when he saw the turtle

Concept Comparison and Analysis Free Essays

Concept Comparison and Analysis Jessica Watts NUR 513 July 2nd, 2012 Coleen Lucas Concept Comparison and Analysis Core concepts are the basis for a theory or model; concepts help in the development of theories. Theorists have developed different models or  theories but have common core concepts. This paper will identify the core concept of ‘the role of nursing,’ which two theorists, Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson both utilized. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Comparison and Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now We will compare and  analyze the concept definitions among both theorists, and discuss the practical use of Orem’s self care theory. Core Concept The core concept of ‘The role of nursing’ was used in both Dorothea Orem’s self care model and in Virginia Henderson’s nursing care model. Dorothea Orem’s definition of nursing is â€Å"actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 4). Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing is â€Å"assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery† (Timetoast, 2011). Their theories in relation to the concept differ where Orem’s concept requires the patient to have a self deficit and in need of nursing care or support; while Henderson’s concept states that nursing is required regardless if the patient is sick or healthy. The concepts are also similar in the fact that they both support the patient is regaining optimal health. Their concepts are applicable in different nursing settings because the goals of each are the same. Orem’s Self Care Theory—Metaparadigms Within Orem’s self care theory, there are five metaparadigms: nursing, health, environment, human being, and nursing client. Orem views nursing as an art, a helping service, and a technology. Orem’s definition of nursing is â€Å"actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 3). Orem encompasses the patient’s, the physician’s, and the nurse’s perspective of the patient’s health condition. Her goal of nursing is to make the patient and members of the patient’s family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs, maintain an optimal state of health, to regain previous state of health after an illness or disease, and to decrease the effects of a chronic illness. Orem uses the terms ‘health’ and ‘healthy’ to describe living things ; â€Å"it is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound, in conjunction, with physiological and psycho-physiological mechanisms and a material structure in relation to and interacting with other human beings† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. ). Orem’s environment is the elements, conditions, and components within the environment. According to Orem a human being â€Å"has the capacity to reflect, symbolize and use symbols; a unity that can function biologically, symbolically, and socially† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 5). A nursing client is a human being who has heal th related or derived issues that cause them to be incapable of continuous and complete self care; they are the focus, only when their self care needs exceed their self care capabilities. Theory of Self Care Orem’s definition of self care is the â€Å"practice of activities that the individual initiates and performs on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well being† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 12). The human ability to engage in self care is determined by age, developmental state, life experience, social and cultural orientation, health, and available resources. Orem describes three self care requisites; universal self care requisites, developmental self care requisites, and health deviation of self care; all are directed towards the provision of self care. Universal self care requisites are the maintenance, provision, balance, prevention, and promotion of human functioning. â€Å"Developmental self care requisites are associated with developmental processes derived from a condition or associated with an event† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 14), for example adjusting to a new job or adjusting to bodily changes, such as menopause. Health deviation self care is required in conditions of illness, disease, or injury. Health deviation is seeking, securing, modifying, learning, and effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures. Theory of Self Care Deficit Orem’s theory of self care deficit specifies when nursing is needed. â€Å"Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent) is incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self care† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 16). Orem’s created five methods of helping; which are acting for and doing for others, guiding others, supporting one another, providing an environment that promotes personal development, and teaching one another. Theory of Nursing Systems Orem describes how the patients self care needs will be meet by the nurse, patient, or both in her theory of nursing systems. The design and elements of a nursing system defines the scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations, defines general and specific roles of nurses and patients, and defines reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 17). Orem recognized that members of the health profession usually develop specialized technologies. â€Å"A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecting some desired result through deliberate practical endeavors, with or without use of materials or instruments† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 17). Concept of Orem’s Theory Orem interrelates concepts in such a way, that it creates a different perspective of a particular phenomenon. Orem’s theory is logical, simple, and generalizable; and is a basis to test hypotheses. â€Å"It contributes to and assists in increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 21). According to Orem, her theory in Current Nursing, 2010, can be used by practitioners to guide and improve their practice and it must be consistent with other validated theories, principles, and laws. Major Assumptions, Strengths, and Limitations According to Current Nursing, 2010; some major assumptions of Orem’s theory are: people should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and their family; people are distinct individuals; nursing is a form of action and interaction between two or more people; successfully meeting universal and developmental self care requisites is an important component of primary care prevention; knowledge of potential health problems is necessary for promoting self care behaviors; and self care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio- cultural context. Some strengths to Orem’s theory, according to Current Nursing, 2010; are: it provides a comprehensive base to nursing practice; it has utility for professional nursing in the areas of nursing practice, education, administration, and research; specifies when nursing is needed; and Orem’s self care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health promotion and health maintenance today. As with any theory there are always limitations to its use; Orem’s theory’s major limitation is that her theory is illness oriented and only calls for nursing care when there is an illness present. Global health care needs, as identified by clinicians or patients/consumers, are addressed through the generation of research evidence that is effective, but also feasible, appropriate and meaningful to specific populations, cultures and settings† (The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2011). Concepts are the bases for a theory or model and aide the development of theories. The com mon concept discussed in this paper was the role of nursing, which is common and essential to Orem and Henderson’s theory. Orem believed that a patient needed to have a self deficit for nursing care while Henderson believed in nursing care whether the patient was healthy or ill. While each theorist had different definitions of the role of nursing, both had the same concept of nursing care. â€Å"Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles† (Definition of Nursing, 2010). Orem’s self care model demonstrated the role of nursing in caring for an individual with a self care deficit and/or illness. Nursing interventions help individuals regain optimal health and well-being. References Current Nursing. (2010). Dorothea Orem’s Theory. Retrieved from http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory. html Definition of Nursing. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. icn. ch/about-icn/icn-definition-of-nursing/ Timetoast. (2011). Breif history of Nursing. Retrieved from http://www. timetoast. com/timelines/22792 The Joanna Briggs Institute . (2011). Retrieved from http://www. joannabriggs. edu. au/JBI%20Approach How to cite Concept Comparison and Analysis, Essay examples

Intolerance in pakistan free essay sample

Pakistan is a developing country and a sovereign, Islamic republic as well as an Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and colonial secular laws. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights, which include freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of information, freedom of religion, freedom of association, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and the right to bear arms. The founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a moderate secular state blended with some Islamic values and principles. Nevertheless, Pakistans status as an Islamic Republic should not be confused or compared with other Islamic Republics in the region, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran. Unlike Iran, Pakistan is not a theocracy, but rather an Islamic democracy. Elections in Pakistan regularly take place on time and are mostly free and fair. Most of Pakistans laws are secular in nature, most of which were inherited from the United Kingdoms colonial rule of modern-day Pakistan before 1947. In recent times, there has been increasing pressure on Pakistan to amend or replace some of its outdated laws made during the time of the British Empire. Unfortunately, human societies are not inherently tolerant. Indeed, small hunter- gatherer and even early agrarian communities were not even diverse. Thus tolerance was not always a human reaction to the outsider, the ‘Other’. It was a virtue which grew as civilization became more complex because of war, trade and migration. This ‘tolerance’ was contingent upon the acceptance of the predominance of the politically ascendant group. It was probably an outcome of security rather than insecurity. A besieged civilization is generally a paranoid civilization looking for enemies within and without to blame for failures Intolerance Intolerance can be defined as unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from ones own. Unfortunately intolerance is growing day by day in Pakistani society and its consequences are very severe. It is the root cause of many other social evils. We will analyze the major types of intolerance prevailing in our society , there consequences and then will discuss how intolerance can be minimized. Religious intolerance in Pakistan Soon after its independence in 1947 Pakistan faced many problems. The first calamity that struck this country was the demise of its founder Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the vacuum which was created after Jinnah’s death could not be filled; it caused many problems for the new born state particularly about the future of Pakistan. Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a state where people from all religion, cast or creed will be treated equally, and their religious beliefs will have nothing to do with the business of the state, which he cited in his illustrious presidential address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11, 1947. However, not all the people were thinking similar to Jinnah, as they had their own aims. A majority in this category was the religious fanatic class, who at first opposed Pakistan movement but later after the creation of Pakistan they became part of it, but that was not all, the newly born state of Pakistan seemed like a good opportunity to these religious opportunists class to propagate and bolster their own agenda under the umbrella of religion because bulk of the masses of this country were unaware of the consequences of blind following these clerics, and these people of Pakistan were a bull’s-eye of religious blackmailing. With the passage of time Jinnah’s idea of a Muslim state was overshadowed by the pattern of the state propagated by clergyman. The onset of cold war and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan gave a threshold to Mullahism in Pakistan. That time military dictator General Zia ul Haq assured his full support to the extremist religious organizations inside Pa kistan for the purpose of â€Å"Jihad† against Soviets in Afghanistan. During his tenure the recruitment of Jihadis from all over the Pakistan and their training through the platform of these religious organizations (in collaboration with CIA) gained peak, thus strengthening extremism roots in our society. However, after Zia the failure of other civilian governments to control these radical religious groups led to an atrocious situation. As an aftermath of past governments unconditional support to these religious organizations today Pakistan is suffering from religious extremism and intolerance more than ever, the sectarian violence in this country is at its peak, killings of sectarian leaders for the purpose of gaining more influence over the other sect is a common practice these days. Pakistan has  seen an unprecedented rise in religious intolerance since last five years, from the assassination of Governor Punjab alleged of blasphemy to the present day case of a 13 year old Christian school going girl, who was accused of blasphemy only because she misspelled the Urdu word â€Å"Naat† which looked like the word â€Å"Lanat† after being misspelled in her class test. The girl was expelled from the school by the principal on the complaint of her teacher, who should have known that a 13 year old young kid can make such types of mistakes unintentionally. Moreover, her prosecution was demanded by local Mul las and they waged protests to file a case against the young girl accusing her of blasphemy. These events draw the horrible picture of our society which shows that how acutely the Mullaism and religious intolerance has settled itself in to Jinnah’s Pakistan. Islam is a religion of peace and love it preaches the respect and welfare of Humanity, rather than killings and prosecution of non-Muslims just because of the reason that they live in a Muslim state and they differ from us in their beliefs, so their any unintentional action is portrayed as blasphemy, which is considered as solid evidence to kill them. The recent brutal killings of people from Shiite sect in Quetta is another horrifying example of religious intolerance. The rising negative role of religious extremists is acting as a pandemic in our society; these people have narrow minds, radical beliefs and sectarian agendas which are only in their own favour and are largely harmful to our society. The growing activism of such organizations are alarming which can be seen quite often in variety of fields particularly in educational institutions where religious and so called â€Å"student organizations† are actively working. In the public sector universities they have strong hold from where a large number of recruitments take place. Students who are suppose to study are playing in hands of these organizations by wasting their time, money and carriers after being trapped by these people as a member of some religious student organization. They are indoctrinated and then used for the implementation of their organizational agenda either through protests, strikes or even by use of violence all in the name of Islam. Pakistan is a country where quality education is rare; people are used to of blind following and there is a great dearth of awareness among people about misuse of religion. It is the need of the hour that as an individual and as well as a society we shall raise awareness among people against such propagandas and for the welfare of our country by using all possible means, we need to claim back the Jinnah’s Pakistan which endorses tolerance, peace, love and equality rather than a country plagued by intolerance, hatred, sectarianism and fanatic mentality indoctrinated by those who have already hijacked the ideal state of Pakistan and camouflaged themselves as religious shepherd. It is up to Pakistanis to decide how much or how little religious tolerance may prevail in the society. Will Pakistan continue to be a country where Sikhs are prevented from praying, Ahmadis and Shias are slaughtered in and en-route to places of worship, where shrines of patron saints are destroyed by sui cide bombers, or where foreign aid workers are abducted for ransom. Or will it be a country where religious pluralism, as was envisioned by Jinnah, Pakistan’s founding father, would flourish? Intolerance Breeds hatred Every society consists of various groups following different faiths, ideologies, sectarian beliefs and social and political adherences. In some cases, there is a majority which dominates the society and makes attempts, either by force or by persuasion, to integrate these different groups into its fold. In such a scenario the majority believes that only by uniting all groups can society grow strong and defend itself from internal and external dangers. This creates conflict and instead of uniting, the society further fragments and breaks into pieces. This is what is called tyranny of the majority and its intolerance toward differences and diverse opinions. In other cases the majority makes efforts to understand the existence of different groups in its fold; it adopts the policy of tolerance and allows them to express their views freely. The outcome of both policies are quite different. In case of tolerance, creativity flourishes and blossoms. Finding no discrimination or prejudices, art, literature, music and other expressions of culture are produced which  transform it into a progressive and multicultural society. In case of intolerance, the elements of creativity are strangled and minority groups, feeling insecure and deprived, fail to contribute socially, politically, and economically. We have the example of the Jews in the Western society. As long as they were persecuted, their contribution to Western civilisation was limited to trade and commerce. When the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizens was passed after the French Revolution, the Jews were also granted equal rights. When Napoleon conquered Germany, he also liberated the Jews who were forced to reside in ghettos and were not allowed any commercial activities outside the ghettos. Once they were free, they emerged as the most creative group who contributed not only in trade and commerce but also in art and literature, philosophy, and science. Nazi Germany suffered intellectually and culturally as a result of its anti-Jew policy. Most of the leading Jews left Germany and settled in different European countries or the USA. Germany was deprived of their talents and their adopted countries benefited from their presence. History shows that those countries which followed the policy of intolerance suffered economically, socially and culturally. When the Arabs conquered Spain, which they called al-Andalus, they formed a multi-religious and multi-cultural society consisting of Muslims, Jews and Christians. This created a sophisticated society based on an enlightened philosophy that richly contributed to art and architecture. The vast store of Greek learning reached the West via Arab translation. There was no persecution of Christians. However, all this changed when in 1492 the combined forces of Castilian and Aragon defeated the last Moorish kingdom of Granada and expelled the Muslims and the Jews. They were given the option to either convert to Christianity or leave the country. Thus followed a trail of tears. The Jews left and made efforts to settle in European countries where they were constantly harassed and terrorised. The Muslims settled in North African Muslim states and some of them became  pirates to take revenge against the Europeans by plundering their trading ships. Those who converted were harassed by the Inquisition and tried on mere suspicion of following their old religion. It changed the whole cultural fabric of Spain. Although it became a part of the Holy Roman empire it slowly lost its cultural vitality and became backward.